As the number of monkeypox cases keeps growing, a discussion has opened on whether it should be considered a sexually transmitted disease (STD) like herpes, gonorrhea, or HIV.
Monkeypox is almost always spread through skin-to-skin contact and, in the West, many of the cases have occurred among men who have sex with men.
But health experts say that doesn't make it an STD — at least not in "the classic sense."
"Monkeypox is not a sexually transmitted disease in the classic sense (by which it's spread in the semen or vaginal fluids), but it is spread by close physical contact with lesions," Northwestern Medicine infectious diseases expert Robert L. Murphy, MD, said last month in a Northwestern University news release.
He said the current monkeypox outbreak was more like a meningitis outbreak among gay men a few years ago.
Rowland Kao, PhD, a professor of veterinary epidemiology and data science at the University of Edinburgh, said that an "STD is one where intimate, sexual contact is critical to the transmission — where sexual acts are central to the transmission," Newsweek reported.
"Some infections are transmitted by any type of close contact, of which sexual activity is one. Monkeypox is one of those — it's the close contact that matters, not the sexual activity itself."
But calling monkeypox an STD could deter measures to limit its spread, another expert told Newsweek.
"My uneasiness about labeling it as an STD is that for most STDs, wearing a condom or avoiding penetration or direct oral-anal/oral-genital contact is a good way of preventing transmission," said Paul Hunter, MD, a professor of health protection at the University of East Anglia's Norwich School of Medicine.
"But for monkeypox, even just naked cuddling is a big risk. So labeling it an STD could actually work against control if people felt they just had to wear a condom."
Denise Dewald, MD, a pediatric specialist at University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center in Ohio, says monkeypox is not an STD — but it could become an entrenched virus.
"Monkeypox will become established in the pediatric and general population and will transmit through daycares and schools," she tweeted. "It is not an STD. It is like MRSA. This isn't rocket science."
One thing is certain: More and more people are getting monkeypox. It's been endemic in Western and Central Africa for years, and cases in Europe and North America were identified in May.
Globally, more than 14,000 cases have been identified, World Health Organization Director-General Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus said Wednesday, according to the Center for Infectious Disease Research and Policy. Five people in Africa have died. In the United Kingdom, more than 2,100 cases have been identified.
In the United States, more than 2,500 confirmed monkeypox cases have been detected, with cases reported from every state except Alaska, Maine, Montana, Mississippi, Vermont, and Wyoming, the CDC said Thursday.
Sources
Northwestern University: "Monkeypox is 'not an STD in the classic sense.'"
Newsweek: "Could Monkeypox Become an STD?"
Twitter: @denise_dewald, July 22, 2022.
Center for Infectious Disease Research and Policy: "WHO: 14,000 monkeypox cases worldwide, 5 deaths."
CDC: "2022 U.S. Case Count & Map."
Credit:
Lead Image: Dreamstime
WebMD Health News © 2022
Cite this: Should Monkeypox Be Considered an STD? Experts Debate - Medscape - Jul 22, 2022.
Comments